BioMEMS

IMPLANTS: BOON OR BANE? 10. REFERENCES.- MICROFLUIDIC PLATFORMS . 1.INTRODUCTION. 2. WHAT IS A MICROFLUIDIC PLATFORM. 3. EXAMPLES OF MICROFLUIDIC PLATFORMS. 3.1.PDMS based Microfluidics for Large Scale Integration ("Fluidigm platform"). 3.2.Microfluidics on a Rotating Disk ("Lab-on-a-Disk"). 3.3.Droplet based microfluidics (DBM). 3.4.Non-contact liquid Dispensing. 4.CONCLUSION. REFERENCES.- DNA BASED BIO-MICRO-ELECTRONIC-MECHANICAL-SYSTEMS. 1.INTRODUCTION. 1.1.The unique features of nucleic acids. 1.2.Lab-on-the-Chip. 1.3.Biochemical reaction chains for integration: biosensors and the "lab-biochip". 2.MICROARRAYS AND BIOCHIPS BASED ON DNA. 2.1.The typical microarray experiment. 2.2.Manufacturing of Microarrays. 2.3Transcription Analysis. 2.4.Oligonucleotide Arrays for sequencing. 2.5.Active arrays. 2.6.Integrated PCR. 3. NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY: DNA AS MATERIAL. 3.1.DNA directed immobilisation and nucleic acid tags. 3.2.DNA for regular structures. 3.3.DNA to structure surfaces. 3.4.Metallisation of DNA for electronic circuits. 4.REFERENCES SEPARATION AND DETECTION ON A CHIP. 1.INTRODUCTION. 2.THEORY OF CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS ON A CE-CHIP. 2.1.Mobility of ions. 2.2.Electroosmotic flow. 3.JOULE HEATING IN MICROFABRICATED DEVICES. 3.1.Separation efficiency of a CE-chip. 3.2.Separation of biomacromolecules and particles. 4.BUILDING BLOCKS OF CE-CHIP DEVICES. 4.1.Wafer materials, micromachining and wafer bonding. 4.2.Power supplies, pumping, injection and channel geometries. 4.3.Detection strategies. 5.SELECTED EXAMPLES FOR CE ON A CHIP. 6.DIELECTROPHORESIS. 7.OUTLOOK. 8.REFERENCES.- PROTEIN MICROARRAYS : APPLICATIONS AND FUTURE CHALLENGES. 1.INTRODUCTION. 2.FORWARD-PHASE PROTEIN MICROARRAYS. 2.1.Protein-Expression Analysis Using Protein Microarrays. 2.2.Protein Interaction Microarrays. 3.REVERSE MICROARRAYS. 4.OUTLOOK. 5.BIBLIOGRAPHY .- LAB-ON-A-CHIP SYSTEMS FOR CELLULAR ASSAYS . 1.INTRODUCTION . 2.DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF CHIPS FOR CELL BASED ASSAYS. 3.CELL CULTURE ON CHIPS AND MICROFLUIDIC SYSTEMS. 4.DETECTABLE CELLULAR OUTPUT SIGNALS. 4.1.Cell Metabolism. 4.2.Cell Morphology. 4.3.Electrical Patterns. 5.CELL MANIPULATION ON CHIPS. 6. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS.- NETWORK ON CHIPS. 1.INTRODUCTION. 2.TECHNICAL ASPECTS AND UNDERLYING ASSUMPTIONS. 2.1.System requirements. 3.ORIGIN OF THE SIGNAL RECORDED. 4.SPATIAL RESOLUTION. 5.LFP AND PLASTICITY. 6.NETWORK DYNAMICS AND EPILEPTIFORM ACTIVITY. 7.DRUG TESTING WITH MEAS. 7.1.Using Network Properties as Endpoints in Drug Assays. 7.2.Assessing Distributions of Neuronal Responses to Dopamine. 7.3.Cardiopharmacology. 8.DATA ANALYSIS. 9.OUTLOOK.- BIONANOSYSTEMS. 1.INTRODUCTION. 2.BASIC CONCEPTS AND EXPERIMENTAL METHODS. 2.1.Self-assembly. 2.2.Optical properties of semiconducting nanocrystals. 2.3.Optical properties of metal nanocrystals. 2.4.Magnetic nanoparticles. 2.5.Conjugation of nanomaterials and biomolecules. 2.6.Bioanalysis with bionanosystems. 2.7.Imaging. 3.APPLICATIONS. 3.1.DNA detection. 3.2.Immunoassays. 3.3.Imaging. 4.CONCLUSION AND OUTLOOK. 5.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . 6.REFERENCES.