Desert Regions

Settlements.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Sustainable Population Growth of Urban Settlements Components and Research Paradigms.- 5.2.1 Population Growth.- 5.2.2 Measuring Economic Development.- 5.3 Spatial Characteristics of Urban Development in Peripheral Areas.- 5.3.1 Distribution of Population and Settlement Location.- 5.4 Research Method.- 5.5 Controls.- 5.6 Analysis Procedure.- 5.7 Research Results.- 5.7.1 Population Growth.- 5.7.2 Index of Clustering.- 5.7.3 Climatic Harshness.- 5.8 Economic Development.- 5.9 Conclusions and Policy Implications.- References.- Modeling the Migration Attractiveness of a Region.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Employment and Housing Factors of Interregional Migration.- 6.3 Modeling the Migration Behavior.- 6.4 Housing-employment Paradigm of Interregional Migration.- 6.5 Israel and Japan: General Patterns of Regional Development.- 6.5.1 Patterns of Urbanization in Israel and Recent Development Policies.- 6.5.2 Current Issues of Regional and Urban Development in Japan.- 6.6 General Patterns of Interregional Migration.- 6.6.1 Israel.- 6.6.2 Japan.- 6.7 Research Method.- 6.8 Influencing Factors.- 6.9 Employment-housing Balance.- 6.10 Conclusion and Policy Implications.- References.- Investigating the Effect of Public Policy on Population Growth in Peripheral Areas.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Regional Policy Evaluation: Contemporary Trends.- 7.3 Research Methodology.- 7.4 Research Approach.- 7.5 Preliminary Results and Discussion.- 7.6 Modeling Procedure.- 7.7 Influencing Factors.- 7.8 Alternative Scenarios.- 7.9 Conclusion.- References.- Ecological-oriented Options for the Sustainable Development of Drylands.- 8.1 Desert and Development.- 8.2 Development of Hyperarid Drylands.- 8.3 Development of Arid Drylands.- 8.4 Development of Semiarid Drylands.- 8.5 Development of the Dry-Subhumid Drylands.- References.- Two Cities of Cold and Hot Deserts.- Physical Environment and Social Attractiveness of Frontier Settlements: Cities of Siberia, Russia.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 Previous Research.- 9.3 The Region.- 9.4 The Cities.- 9.4 The Cities.- 9.5 Economics of Transition.- 9.6 Research Method.- 9.7 Spatial Patterns of District Attractiveness.- 9.8 Components of Attractiveness.- 9.9 Relative Importance of Influencing Factors.- 9.10 "Experts" and "Residents": Different Visions.- 9.11 District Attractiveness to Business Activity.- 9.12 IP and the Market Value of Residential Land.- 9.13 Social Factors.- 9.14 Applications in Planning.- 9.15 Conclusion.- References.- Planning Theories versus Reality: A Desert Study Case.- 10.1 Introduction.- 10.2 A Short Note on Settlement in the Past.- 10.3 The Modern Era.- 10.3.1 Ottoman Period and the European Influences (1900-1917).- 10.3.2 Colonialism and British Mandate (1917--1948).- 10.3.3 Suburban Agriculture of the First Israeli Period (1948-1950).- 10.3.4 Garden City and Neighborhood Unit (1950s).- 10.3.5 The New Master Plan and Design Experimentation (1960s).- 10.3.6 Prefabrication, High Rise Buildings and Traffic Separation (1970s).- 10.3.7 Satellite Ruruiban Development (1980s).- 10.3.8 Emergency Planning for Immigrants (the Early 1990s).- 10.4 Microclimatic Variability.- 10.5 Conclusions.- 10.6 Theory and Implementation.- References.- An Experimental Evaluation of Strategies for Reducing Airborne Dust in Desert Cities.- 11.1 Abstract.- 11.2 Introduction.- 11.3 Background.- 11.3.1 The Transport and Deposition of Dust in the Urban Environment.- 11.4 The Urban Climate.- 11.4.1 Temperature.- 11.4.2 Rainfall.- 11.4.3 Wind Regime.- 11.5 Experimental Sampling, Dust Deposits.- 11.5.1 Description of Sampling Locations.- 11.5.2 Field Methods.- 11.5.3 Laboratory Methods.- 11.6 Results.- 11.6.1 The Dust Deposition Rate.- 11.6.2 Grain Size Characteristics.- 11.6.3 Chemical and Mineralogical Composition.- 11.6.4 The Effects of a Major Dust Storm.- 11.7 Discussion.- 11.7.1 The Sources of Urban Dust in Desert Cities.- 11.7.2 The Effect of Common Design Strategies for Reducing Exposure to Airborne Dust.- 11.7.3 Reducing Dust in Desert Cities - A Comprehensive Approach.- 11.8 Conclusion.- References.- Planning in Desert Environments: Three Cases of Responsive Planning.- 12.1 Introduction.- 12.2 Israel: Ideology and Planning.- 12.3 Settlement System.- 12.4 Town-planning.- 12.5 Bedouin Towns.- 12.6 Summary and Applications in Planning.- References.- The Past as a Key for the Future in Resettling the Desert.- 13.1 Introduction.- 13.2 A Lost Paradigm.- 13.3 The Rise and Decline of the Deterministic Paradigm.- 13.4 The Breaking Down of the Consensus.- 13.5 Conclusions with Regard to the Future.- Three Building and Design.- A Desert Solar Neighborhood in Sede Boker, Israel.- 14.1 Introduction.- 14.2 The Neighborhood.- 14.3 Orientation.- 14.4 Circulation.- 14.5 Building Clusters.- 14.6 Setback Lines.- 14.7 Water Heating.- 14.8 Conclusion.- References.- A Bio-Climatic Approach to Desert Architecture.- 15.1 The Climate of the Negev.- 15.2 Building Design: Sealing the Envelope.- 15.3 Windows: Opening the Envelope by Design.- 15.4 The Value of the Courtyard.- 15.5 Performance Monitoring.- Urban Microclimate in the Desert: Planning for Outdoor Comfort under Arid Conditions.- 16.1 Urban Attractiveness and the Desert Climate.- 16.2.1 Preconceived Planning in the Negev.- 16.2.2 Microclimatic Considerations.- 16.2 Case Study: Analyzing the Urban Microclimate.- 16.2.1 Summary of Case Study Results.- 16.2.2 Discussion: Creating the Urban "Cool Island".- 16.3 Conclusions.- References.- Adaptive Architecture: Low-Energy Technologies for Climate Control in the Desert.- 17.1 Introduction.- 17.2 The Problem - Local Climatic Conditions.- 17.3 The Response: Project Overview.- 17.4 Experimental Evaluation of the Building's Thermal Performance.- 17.4.1 The Sunken Atrium.- 17.4.2 The Evaporative Down Draft Cool Tower.- 17.4.3 Indirect Space Heating from Solar Heated Air.- 17.5 Conclusions.- References.- Four Case Studies.- Desert Settlements in Israel: Socio-Economic and Physical Data.- 18.1 Be'er-Sheva.- 18.2 Eilat.- 18.3 Dimona.- 18.4 Arad.- 18.5 Yeroham.- 18.6 Mitzpe-Ramon.- References.- Author Index.