Unobtrusive Observations of Learning in Digital Environments

Introduction by the Editors.-  Section on Indicators focusing on Behavior.-  Modelling student behavioral engagement.- Measuring engagement with multimodal data.- Commentary from Learning Design or Learning Science.- Section on Indicators focusing on Cognition and Metacognition.- Measuring learning from text.-  Learning strategies.-  Metacognitive prompts and personalized scaffolding.-  Commentary from Psychometrician or Cognitive Science.- Section on Indicators focusing on Emotion and Motivation.- Affect detection methods and techniques.-  Emotions and ITS.-  Emotion regulation in collaborative learning.- Measuring motivation from hypertext.- Commentary from Educational Psychology.- Section on Indicators focusing on Social Processes.- Modelling dynamics of social processes.- Linguistic analysis of student collaboration.- Group cohesion.- Commentary from Computational Social Science.- Concluding remarks and future directions by the Editors.

Vitomir Kovanovic is the Senior Lecturer in Learning Analytics at the Centre for Change and Complexity in Learning (C3L), Education Futures, University of South Australia, Australia. His research focuses on learning analytics within high school and university settings, looking at student self-regulation and study strategies. Vitomir is an associated editor for the Higher Education Research & Development Journal (Taylor and Francis) and Academic Editor for PLoS ONE Journal (Public Library of Science). He was also Program Chair for the 2020 Learning Analytics & Knowledge Conference (LAK'20).

Roger Azevedo is a Professor in the School of Modeling Simulation and Training at the University of Central Florida (UCF). He is the Lead Scientist for UCF's Learning Sciences Faculty Cluster Initiative. His main research area includes examining the role of cognitive, metacognitive, affective, and motivational self-regulatory processes during learningwith advanced learning technologies. He is the former editor of the Metacognition and Learning journal, a fellow of the American Psychological Association, and the recipient of the prestigious Early Faculty Career Award from the National Science Foundation.

David Gibson is Professor and UNESCO Chair on Data Science in Higher Education Learning and Teaching at Curtin University, Australia. His foundational research demonstrated the feasibility of bridging from qualitative information to quantifiable dynamic relationships in complex models that verify trajectories of organizational change. He provides thought leadership as a researcher, professor, learning scientist and innovator. He is the creator of simSchool, a classroom flight simulator for preparing educators, and eFolio an online performance-based assessment system, and provides vision and sponsorship for Curtin University's Challenge, a mobile, game-based learning platform.