Ecotoxicology

1 Introduction.- 2 Issues associated with pesticide toxicology and arthropod natural enemies in the pre- and post-registration stages of chemical development.- 3 The initiative of the IOBC/WPRS Working Group on Pesticides and Beneficial Organisms.- 4 Reducing insecticide use in plant protection in Israel: policy and programmes.- 5 Pesticides and natural enemies: Malaysia perspectives.- 6 Can we achieve harmonization of regulatory requirements in Europe?.- 7 Introduction.- 8 Standard laboratory methods to test the side-effects of pesticides.- 9 Development and ring-testing of a standardized laboratory test for parasitic wasps, using the aphid-specific parasitoid Aphidius rhopalosiphi.- 10 Current status of a ring-tested method to determine pesticide effects on the predatory mite Typhlodromuspyri (Scheuten) (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) in the laboratory.- 11 Testing side-effects of pesticides on carabid beetles: a standardized method for testing ground-dwelling predators in the laboratory forregistration purposes.- 12 Testing side-effects of pesticides on spiders (Pardosa spp.) in the laboratory.- 13 Two-step test system using the plant-dwelling non-target insect Coccinella septempunctata to generate data for registration of pesticides.- 14 Side-effects of pesticides on larvae of Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae): actual state of the laboratory method.- 15 Field studies with pesticides and non-target arthropods in orchards.- 16 Accuracy and efficiency of sequential pesticide testing protocols for phytoseiid mites.- 17 Using a sequential testing scheme under laboratory and field conditions with the bumble bee Bombusterrestris to evaluate the safety of different groups of insecticides.- 18 Testing effects of pesticides on adult carabid beetles in semi-field and field experiments.- 19 The value of large-scale field trials for determining the effects of pesticides on the non-target arthropod fauna of cereal crops.- 20 Comparing pesticide effects on beneficials in